Catalogue Terms & Abbreviations

These Catalogue Terms and Abbreviations are provided here for your guidance as you browse through our catalogue.

Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a work by the artist.

Attributed to Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a work possibly executed in whole or in part by the named artist.

Studio of Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a work by an unknown hand in the studio of the artist, possibly executed under the supervision of the named artist.

Circle of Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a work of the period of the artist, closely related to the style of the named artist.

Manner of Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a work in the style of the named artist and of a later date.

After Cornelius David Krieghoff
In our best judgment, a copy of a known work of the named artist.

Dimensions
Measurements are given height before width in both inches and centimetres.

Signed/Titled/Dated
In our best judgment, the work has been signed/titled/dated by the artist.

If we state "dated 1856" then the artist has inscribed the date when the work was produced.

If the artist has not inscribed the date and we state "1856", then it is known the work was produced in 1856, based on independent research.

If the artist has not inscribed the date and there is no independent date reference, then the use of "circa" approximates the date based on style and period.

Bears Signature / Bears Date
In our best judgment, the signature/date is by a hand other than that of the artist.

Provenance
Is intended to indicate previous collections or owners.

Certificates / Literature / Exhibited
Any reference to certificates, literature or exhibition history represents the best judgment of the authority or authors named.

Estimate
Our Estimates are intended as a statement of our best judgment only, and represent a conservative appraisal of the expected Hammer Price.